华三实验大全之RIP篇

来源：济南磐龙笔记本交换机维修作者：济南磐龙华三路由器维修网址：http://www.pldtwx.com

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华三实验大全之RIP篇

实验目录：

1.RIP基本实验

2.水平分割

3.毒化逆转

4.被动接口--包含计时器的信息

5.允许接口接受或发送RIP信息

6.RIP优先级

7.设置接口接收或发送RIP 报文时给路由增加的附加路由权值（条数）

8.Time的三大计时器设置

9.不同进程号

10.触发跟新

11.RIP 的版本兼容问题

12.不连续子网

13.手工汇总

14.向rip内注入一跳默认路由

15.RIPv2认证

16.直连的网络不再同一网段

一.RIP基本配置

实验要求：各个路由器能动态学到路由

实验拓扑：

实验过程：

按照上面的拓扑配置ip地址

宣告网络

[R1]rip //进入RIP视图（默认计入的RIP进程1）

[R1-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0 //宣告网络

[R1-rip-1]net 1.1.1.0

[R1-rip-1]q

[R2]rip

[R2-rip-1]network 192.168.1.0

[R2-rip-1]network 192.168.2.0

[R2-rip-1]network 2.2.2.0

[R2-rip-1]network 3.3.3.0

[R2-rip-1]q

[R3]rip

[R3-rip-1]network 192.168.2.0

[R3-rip-1]network 4.4.4.0

[R3-rip-1]q

RIP的几个查看命令

查看所有路由

[R1]display ip routing-table

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 10 Routes : 10

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0

2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0

192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0

192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0

192.168.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

192.168.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

查看RIP进程信息

[R1]display rip

Public VPN-instance name :

RIP process : 1 //进程号

RIP version : 1 //版本

Preference : 100 //优先级

Checkzero : Enabled

Default-cost : 0 //默认度量值，可以调整网络大小

Summary : Enabled //自动汇总开启

Hostroutes : Enabled

Maximum number of balanced paths : 6 //支持的负载分担条数

Update time : 30 sec(s) Timeout time : 180 sec(s)

Suppress time : 120 sec(s) Garbage-collect time : 120 sec(s)

TRIP retransmit time : 5 sec(s)

TRIP response packets retransmit count : 36

Silent interfaces : None //有没有被动接口

Default routes : Disabled //有没有默认路由

Verify-source : Enabled

Networks :

1.0.0.0 192.168.1.0

Configured peers : None

Triggered updates sent : 0

Number of routes changes : 0

Number of replies to queries : 0

查看RIP 协议的路由

[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 4

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 4

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

192.168.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

查看路由的跟新时间等

[R1]display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP

P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Peer 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0

Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec

2.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 22

3.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 22

192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 22

4.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 2 0 RA 22

查看RIP接口，包括度量值、水平分割是否开启

[R1]display rip 1 interface

Interface-name: LoopBack0

Address/Mask:1.1.1.1/32 Version:RIPv1

MetricIn:0 MetricIn route policy:Not designated

MetricOut:1 MetricOut route policy:Not designated

Split-horizon/Poison-reverse:on/off Input/Output:on/on

Current packets number/Maximum packets number:0/2000

Interface-name: Serial0/2/0

Address/Mask:192.168.1.1/24 Version:RIPv1

MetricIn:0 MetricIn route policy:Not designated

MetricOut:1 MetricOut route policy:Not designated

Split-horizon/Poison-reverse:on/off Input/Output:on/on

Current packets number/Maximum packets number:0/2000

从此命令可以看出，水平分割时开启的，而毒化逆转时关闭的。

二.水平分割

通常情况下，为了防止路由环的出现，水平分割都是必要的。只是在某些特殊情况

下，为保证协议的正确执行，需要关闭水平分割。例如在NBMA 网络中，对于采用

帧中继封装的主接口和点对多点子接口，为了使接口可以发送从该接口学到的路由，

则需要禁止水平分割。在关闭水平分割时一定要确认是否必要。

关闭水平分割的命令

[R1]int s0/2/0

[R1-Serial0/2/0]un rip split-horizon

我们来测试一下水平分割的影响

开启了水平分割

<R1>terminal monitor

% Current terminal monitor is on

<R1>terminal debugging

% Current terminal debugging is on

<R1>debugging rip 1 packet

*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Receive response from 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0

*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 84

*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 2

*Dec 2 16:21:44:16 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:21:45:812 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Sending response on interface Serial0/2/0 from 192.168.1.1 to 255.255.255.255

*Dec 2 16:21:45:812 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 24

*Dec 2 16:21:45:812 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 1.0.0.0, cost 1

从上面我们可以看出，RIP包没有向自己宣告的网络发送跟新包！--这是水平分割起的作用！

关闭了水平分割

<R1>debugging rip 1 packet

*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Receive response from 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0

*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 84

*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 2

*Dec 2 16:26:49:844 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Sending response on interface Serial0/2/0 from 192.168.1.1 to 255.255.255.255

*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 124

*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 1.0.0.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 2

*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 2

*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 3

*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.1.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:26:56:125 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 2

*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Receive response from 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0

*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 84

*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 2

*Dec 2 16:27:11:437 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 1

从上面我们可以看出，在关闭水平分割后RIP包会想自己发送自己宣告的网络，从而产生了路由环路。

三.毒化逆转

在接口下面开启毒化逆转功能

[R1]int s0/2/0

[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip poison-reverse

<R1>debugging rip 1 packet

*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Sending response on interface Serial0/2/0 from 192.168.1.1 to 255.255.255.255

*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 104

*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 1.0.0.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 16

*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 16

*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 16

*Dec 2 16:31:15:937 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 16

*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: RIP 1 : Receive response from 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0

*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Packet : vers 1, cmd response, length 84

*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 2.0.0.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 3.0.0.0, cost 1

*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 4.0.0.0, cost 2

*Dec 2 16:31:25:62 2010 R1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AFI 2, dest 192.168.2.0, cost 1

从上面可以看出，R1会向自己学习到的路由发送为16条的RIP测试包。来测试下一跳是否已经不可达，当可达是对方会发送可达信息回应，如果对方不可达，会根据3大时间处理！！

被动接口

有被动接口我感觉肯定会有单播跟新，单播跟新的命令是在RIP下：#peer +ip地址

作用：不发送RIP包，但接受RIP跟新包

在RIP模式下设置被动接口

[R1]rip

[R1-rip-1]silent-interface s0/2/0

[R1-rip-1]q

[R2]display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP

P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Peer 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/2/0

Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec

1.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.1 1 0 RA 180

Peer 192.168.2.2 on Serial0/2/2

Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec

4.0.0.0/8 192.168.2.2 1 0 RA 19

再120秒

[R2]display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP

P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Peer 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/2/0

Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec

1.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.1 16 0 RSG 120

Peer 192.168.2.2 on Serial0/2/2

Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec

4.0.0.0/8 192.168.2.2 1 0 RA 15

[R2]display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP

P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Peer 192.168.2.2 on Serial0/2/2

Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec

4.0.0.0/8 192.168.2.2 1 0 RA 16

对r1没有影响=----因为被动接口是不发送RIP包，但是接受路由跟新包，但是ping不同

[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 4

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 4

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 2 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

192.168.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

五.允许接口接受或发送RIP信息

rip input 命令用来允许接口接收RIP 报文（默认开启的）

rip output 命令用来允许接口向外发送RIP 报文（默认开启的）

[R1]int s0/2/0

[R1-Serial0/2/0]undo rip input

[R1-Serial0/2/0]q

[R1]display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP

P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Peer 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0

Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec

2.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 162

3.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 162

192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 162

4.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 2 0 RA 162

从上面可以看出，路由已经超时！！！！

但是不影响R2和R3学习路由，虽然R2、R3学到了路由，但是ping不同R1！！

rip output 命令用来允许接口向外发送RIP 报文（默认开启的）

[R1]int s0/2/0

[R1-Serial0/2/0]undo rip output

[R1-Serial0/2/0]

RIP优先级

每一种路由协议都有自己的优先级，它的缺省取值由具体的路由策略决定。优先级

的高低将最后决定IP 路由表中的路由采取哪种路由算法获取的最佳路由。可以利用

此命令手动调整RIP 的优先级。

[R1]rip

[R1-rip-1]preference ?

INTEGER<1-255> Value of Preference

route-policy Route-policy

[R1-rip-1]preference 50

[R1-rip-1]q

[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 4

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 4

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

2.0.0.0/8 RIP 50 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

3.0.0.0/8 RIP 50 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

4.0.0.0/8 RIP 50 2 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

192.168.2.0/24 RIP 50 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

从上面可以看出，优先级已经是50了。

只供本设备进行路由选择，不影响其他设备的路由，R2上的依旧是100

七.配置RIP度量值

根据上面的图，进行实验

rip metricin 命令用来设置接口接收RIP 报文时给路由增加的附加路由权值，

[R2]int s0/2/0

[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip metricin 5

[R2]display ip routing-table protocol rip

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 2

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 2

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

1.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 6 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0

4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.2 S0/2/2

RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

<R3>display ip routing-table protocol rip

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 4

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 4

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

1.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 7 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0

2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0

3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0

192.168.1.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0

RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

rip metricout 命令用来设置接口发送RIP 报文时给路由增加的附加路由权值

[R2]int s0/2/0

[R2-Serial0/2/0]undo rip metricin

[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip metricout ?

INTEGER<1-16> The value of metric added to outgoing routes

route-policy Route-policy

[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip metricout 10

八.配置time三大时间设置

timers 命令用来修改RIP 的三个定时器Period update 、Timeout 和

Garbage-collection 的值

[R1-rip-1]timers ?

garbage-collect Config RIP route garbage-collect timer interval

suppress Config RIP route suppress timer interval

timeout Config RIP route Age timer interval

update Config RIP route period update timer interval

九.不同进程间通信

按照上图配置做不同进程之间的通信

注意：不同进程针对的是一个路由器上出现两个不同的进程，如果每台交换机的进程不一样是可以相互学习到路由的。

引入rip路由和引入直连路由是有很大区别的。

[R2]rip

[R2-rip-1]un net 192.168.2.0

[R2-rip-1]un net 3.3.3.0

[R2-rip-1]q

[R2]rip 2

[R2-rip-2]net 192.168.2.0

[R2-rip-2]net 3.3.3.0

[R2-rip-2]q

[R3]undo rip 1

Warning : Undo RIP process? [Y/N]:y

[R3]rip 2

[R3-rip-2]

[R3-rip-2]net 192.168.2.0

[R3-rip-2]net 4.4.4.0

[R3-rip-2]q

当我们查看路由表的时候是可以看出。不同进程之间是不能通信的！

R1学习不到进程2的所有路由

[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 1

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 1

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

2.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

R2可以学习到两边的路由

[R2]display ip routing-table protocol rip

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 2

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 2

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

1.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0

4.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.2 S0/2/2

RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

同样R3是不能学到进程1的所有路由的

[R3]display ip routing-table protocol rip

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 1

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 1

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

3.0.0.0/8 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0

RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

解决方法：使用引入路由命令

[R2]rip

[R2-rip-1]import-route ?

bgp Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routes

direct Direct routes

isis Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) routes

ospf Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routes

rip Routing Information Protocol (RIP) routes

static Static routes

[R2-rip-1]import-route rip 2 ?

cost Metric for imported route

route-policy Apply the specified route policy to filter route

tag Specify route tag

<cr>

[R2-rip-1]import-route rip 2

[R2-rip-1]q

[R2]rip 2

[R2-rip-2]import-route rip 1

[R2-rip-2]

十.触发跟新

只在R1和R2之间开启触发跟新

进入接口模式，开启触发跟新

[R1]int s0/2/0

[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip triggered

[R2]int s0/2/0

[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip triggered

注意：直连的两个端口必须都要开启触发跟新，如果R1开启触发跟新，R2不开启，R2不会定期收到R1的数据包，所以相互之间是学习不到路由的！！

[R1]display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP

P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Peer 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0 (TRIP)

Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec

2.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 TP _

3.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 TP _

4.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 2 0 TP _

192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2 1 0 TP _

从上面可以看出，模式已近是触发跟新模式，跟新时间为无！

[R2]display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP

P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Peer 192.168.2.2 on Serial0/2/2

Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec

4.0.0.0/8 192.168.2.2 1 0 RA 19

Peer 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/2/0 (TRIP)

Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec

1.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.1 1 0 TP _

十一.RIP 的版本兼容问题

修改R1的RIP为版本2

[R1]rip

[R1-rip-1]ver 2

[R1-rip-1]q

[R1]display rip 1 route

Route Flags: R - RIP, T - TRIP

P - Permanent, A - Aging, S - Suppressed, G - Garbage-collect

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Peer 192.168.1.2 on Serial0/2/0

Destination/Mask Nexthop Cost Tag Flags Sec

2.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 131

3.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 131

192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.2 1 0 RA 131

4.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 2 0 RA 131

对于上面的路由，已经是超时的了！

怎样能让R1学习到R2的路由呢？？？请看下面

把R1的接口模式改为广播方式

把R2上的s0/2/0改为主播方式的

[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip version 2 ?

broadcast RIPv2 broadcast mode which is compatible with RIPv1

multicast RIPv2 multicast mode

<cr>

[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip version 2 multicast

十二.不连续子网

[R1]rip

[R1-rip-1]un summary

[R1-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0

[R1-rip-1]net 172.16.1.0

[R1-rip-1]net 172.16.2.0

[R2]rip

[R2-rip-1]un s

[R2-rip-1]un summary

[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0

[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.2.0

[R3]rip

[R3-rip-1]un su

[R3-rip-1]un summary

[R3-rip-1]net 172.16.0.0

[R2]display ip routing-table p r

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 1

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 1

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

172.16.0.0/16 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0

RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

我们可以看到，上面的路由信息是很粗略的，此时ping两边的任意一个都是一个通一个不通！！

解决方法是：使用RIPv2

在学习Cisco时，是有子接口的，在华3也有，不过比较特殊，因为在华3的loopback口的所有地址都是32位的，看不到辅助接口的效果，如果用网段去验证是可以实现用辅助地址解决不连续子网问题。不过在同一路由器上宣告相同的主网。

[R1]rip

[R1-rip-1]ver 2

[R2]rip

[R2-rip-1]ver 2

[R3]rip

[R3-rip-1]ver 2

[R2]display ip routing-table protocol rip

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 5

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 4

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

172.16.1.1/32 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0

172.16.2.1/32 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0

172.16.5.1/32 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.2 S0/2/2

172.16.6.1/32 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.2 S0/2/2

RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>

Summary Count : 1

上面的输出已经解决了不连续子网问题

十三.手工汇总

实现手工汇总

上面的实验十二，我们该成了ver2

当该成ver2后，原有的不un sunmmary生效。

要重新开启一遍

注意：手工汇总对loopback口是不行的，因为所有的loopback口都是32个掩码，不能汇总，针对网段可以实现自动汇总。

[R1]int s0/2/0

[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip summary-address 172.16.0.0 22

注意，即使在R2上显示的是172.16.0.0，仍然不影响实验十二的效果！！

十四.向rip内注入一跳默认路由

[H3C]sys R1

[R1]int lo0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32

[R1]int s0/2/0

[R1-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 24

[R1-Serial0/2/0]q

[R1]rip

[R1-rip-1]ver 2

[R1-rip-1]undo summary

[R1-rip-1]net 1.0.0.0

[R1-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0

[R1-rip-1]q

[H3C]sys R2

[R2]int s0/2/0

[R2-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 24

[R2-Serial0/2/0]q

[R2]int s0/2/2

[R2-Serial0/2/2]ip add 192.168.2.1 24

[R2-Serial0/2/2]q

[R2]rip

[R2-rip-1]ver 2

[R2-rip-1]undo summary

[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0

[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.2.0

[R2-rip-1]q

[H3C]sys R3

[R3]int lo0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32

[R3-LoopBack0]q

[R3]int s0/2/0

[R3-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.2.2 24

[R3]rip

[R3-rip-1]net 192.168.2.0

[R3-rip-1]net 4.0.0.0

[R3-rip-1]ver 2

[R3-rip-1]undo summary

[R3-rip-1]q

此时我们在R3上设置lo1口的ip地址。然后再R3上注入一跳默认路由

[R3]int lo0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 10.10.10.10 32

[R3]rip

[R3-rip-1]default-route originate cost 10 //为什么非要设置cost值呢？？本实验最后讲解

从R1上查看

[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 2

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 2

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

0.0.0.0/0 RIP 100 11 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

192.168.2.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.1.2 S0/2/0

RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

R1的默认路由cost值为11

R1能ping通10.10.10.10

[R1]ping 10.10.10.10

PING 10.10.10.10: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.10.10.10: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=4 ms

Reply from 10.10.10.10: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=1 ms

Reply from 10.10.10.10: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=4 ms

Reply from 10.10.10.10: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=19 ms

Reply from 10.10.10.10: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=5 ms

--- 10.10.10.10 ping statistics ---

5 packet(s) transmitted

5 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 1/6/19 ms

十五.RIPv2认证

[R1]rip

[R1-rip-1]ver 2

[R1-rip-1]un summary

[R1-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0

[R1-rip-1]net 1.1.1.0

[R2]rip

[R2-rip-1]ver 2

[R2-rip-1]un summary

[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0

[R1]int s0/2/0

[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip ?

authentication-mode Authentication type

input Receive RIP packets

metricin Metric added to incoming routes

metricout Metric added to outgoing routes

output Send RIP packets

poison-reverse Configure poison reverse

split-horizon Split-horizon control

summary-address Configure summary address on this interface

triggered Triggered RIP

version RIP version switch

[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip authentication-mode ?

md5 MD5 authentication

simple Simple text authentication

[R1-Serial0/2/0]rip authentication-mode simple 123

[R2]int s0/2/0

[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip authentication-mode simple 123

两边都要开启

[R2-Serial0/2/0]rip authentication-mode md5 ?

rfc2082 RFC 2082 MD5 authentication packet format type

rfc2453 RFC 2453 MD5 authentication packet format type

十六.直连的网络不再同一网段

注意

上面的连线，必须是串行口，E口学习不到直连网络不同网段的路由！

IPv4在上图没有开启RIP之前是可以学习到不同网段的路由的！

IPV6在没有开启RIP前是不能学习到不同网段的路由的！

开启RIP实验如下：

[R1]int lo0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32

[R1-LoopBack0]int s0/2/0

[R1-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 24

[R1]rip

[R1-rip-1]ver 2

[R1-rip-1]un s

[R1-rip-1]net 1.1.1.0

[R1-rip-1]net 192.168.1.0

[R1-rip-1]q

[R2]int s0/2/0

[R2-Serial0/2/0]

[R2-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.2.1 24

[R2-Serial0/2/0]q

[R2]int s0/2/2

[R2-Serial0/2/2]ip add 192.168.3.1 24

[R2-Serial0/2/2]q

[R2]rip

[R2-rip-1]ver 2

[R2-rip-1]un summary

[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.2.0

[R2-rip-1]net 192.168.3.0

[R2-rip-1]q

[R3]int lo0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32

[R3-LoopBack0]int s0/2/0

[R3-Serial0/2/0]ip add 192.168.4.1 24

[R3]rip

[R3-rip-1]net 192.168.4.0

[R3-rip-1]ver 2

[R3-rip-1]un summary

[R3-rip-1]net 4.4.4.0

[R1]display ip routing-table

Routing Tables: Public

Destinations : 8 Routes : 8

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0

4.4.4.4/32 RIP 100 2 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0

127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0

127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0

192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.1.1 S0/2/0

192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0

192.168.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0

192.168.3.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0

[R1]display ip routing-table protocol rip

Public Routing Table : RIP

Summary Count : 2

RIP Routing table Status : < Active>

Summary Count : 2

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface

4.4.4.4/32 RIP 100 2 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0

192.168.3.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.2.1 S0/2/0

RIP Routing table Status : < Inactive>

Summary Count : 0

在R1上我们是学习不到R3上的192.168.4.0网段，可以学习到4.4.4.0网段。

因为公司之间通信不需要知道路由直连ip地址！

十七.直连的网络不再同一网段IPv6

ipv6

[R1]int lo0

[R1-LoopBack0]ipv6 add 1::1/128

[R1-LoopBack0]q

[R1]int s0/2/0

[R1-Serial0/2/0]ipv6 add 2001::1/64

[R1-Serial0/2/0]q

[R2]int s0/2/0

[R2-Serial0/2/0]ipv6 add 2002::1/64

[R2-Serial0/2/0]q

[R2]int s0/2/2

[R2-Serial0/2/2]ipv6 add 2003::1/64

[R3]int lo0

[R3-LoopBack0]ipv6 add 2::1/128

[R3]int s0/2/0

[R3-Serial0/2/0]ipv6 add 2004::1/64

学习不到直连的网络，

[R1]display ipv6 routing-table

Routing Table :

Destinations : 3 Routes : 3

Destination: ::1/128 Protocol : Direct

NextHop : ::1 Preference: 0

Interface : InLoop0 Cost : 0

Destination: 3001::1/128 Protocol : Direct

NextHop : ::1 Preference: 0

Interface : InLoop0 Cost : 0

Destination: FE80::/10 Protocol : Direct

NextHop : :: Preference: 0

Interface : NULL0 Cost : 0

开启rip看看

[R1]int lo0

[R1-LoopBack0]ripn

[R1-LoopBack0]ripng 1 enable

[R1-LoopBack0]q

[R1]int s0/2/0

[R1-Serial0/2/0]ripng 1 enable

[R1-Serial0/2/0]q

[R2-ripng-1]int s0/2/0

[R2-Serial0/2/0]ripng 1 enable

[R2-Serial0/2/0]int s0/2/2

[R2-Serial0/2/2]ripng 1 enable

[R3]int lo0

[R3-LoopBack0]ripng 1 enable

[R3-LoopBack0]q

[R3]int s0/2/0

[R3-Serial0/2/0]ripng 1 enable

[R3-Serial0/2/0]q

截图00，可以学习到所有的

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